3.9 Manufacture of iron and steel (climate change adaptation)

Kurzbeschreibung

Manufacture of iron and steel. The economic activities in this category could be associated with several NACE codes, in particular C24.10, C24.20, C24.31, C24.32, C24.33, C24.34, C24.51 and C24.52 in accordance with the statistical classification of economic activities established by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006.

Wirtschaftsaktivität (EU-Taxonomie)

Rechtsakt: 2021/2139, Anhang II, Abschnitt 3.9 · MANUFACTURING

Umweltziel: climate change adaptation

NACE-Codes: C24.10, C24.20, C24.31, C24.32, C24.33, C24.34, C24.51, C24.52

Beschreibung

Manufacture of iron and steel. The economic activities in this category could be associated with several NACE codes, in particular C24.10, C24.20, C24.31, C24.32, C24.33, C24.34, C24.51 and C24.52 in accordance with the statistical classification of economic activities established by Regulation (EC) No 1893/2006.

Technische Bewertungskriterien

Technical screening criteria Substantial contribution to climate change adaptation 1. The economic activity has implemented physical and non-physical solutions (‘adaptation solutions’) that substantially reduce the most important physical climate risks that are material to that activity. _____________ ( 137 ) Combined to a single threshold resulting in the sum of direct and indirect emissions, calculated as the median value of the data collected in the context of establishing the EU ETS industrial benchmarks for the period of 2021-2026 and calculated in accordance with the methodology for setting the benchmarks set out in Directive 2003/87/EC plus the do no significant harm to climate change mitigation criterion for electricity generation (270 g CO 2 e/kWh) multiplied by the average energy efficiency of aluminium manufacturing (15,5 MWh/t Al). ( 138 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 139 ) The aluminium manufactured is the unwrought non alloy liquid aluminium produced from electrolysis. ( 140 ) Commission Implementing Decision (EU) 2016/1032 of 13 June 2016 establishing best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, under Directive 2010/75/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council, for the non-ferrous metals industries (OJ L 174, 30.6.2016, p. 32). 2. The physical climate risks that are material to the activity have been identified from those listed in Appendix A to this Annex by performing a robust climate risk and vulnerability assessment with the following steps: (a) screening of the activity to identify which physical climate risks from the list in Appendix A to this Annex may affect the performance of the economic activity during its expected lifetime; (b) where the activity is assessed to be at risk from one or more of the physical climate risks listed in Appendix A to this Annex, a climate risk and vulnerability assessment to assess the materiality of the physical climate risks on the economic activity; (c) an assessment of adaptation solutions that can reduce the identified physical climate risk. The climate risk and vulnerability assessment is proportionate to the scale of the activity and its expected lifespan, such that: (a) for activities with an expected lifespan of less than 10 years, the assessment is performed, at least by using climate projections at the smallest appropriate scale; (b) for all other activities, the assessment is performed using the highest available resolution, state-of-the-art climate projections across the existing range of future scenarios ( 141 ) consistent with the expected lifetime of the activity, including, at least, 10 to 30 year climate projections scenarios for major investments. 3. The climate projections and assessment of impacts are based on best practice and available guidance and take into account the state-of-the-art science for vulnerability and risk analysis and related methodologies in line with the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports ( 142 ), scientific peer-reviewed publications and open source ( 143 ) or paying models. 4. The adaptation solutions implemented: (a) do not adversely affect the adaptation efforts or the level of resilience to physical climate risks of other people, of nature, of cultural heritage, of assets and of other economic activities; (b) favour nature-based solutions ( 144 ) or rely on blue or green infrastructure ( 145 ) to the extent possible; (c) are consistent with local, sectoral, regional or national adaptation plans and strategies; (d) are monitored and measured against pre-defined indicators and remedial action is considered where those indicators are not met; (e) where the solution implemented is physical and consists in an activity for which technical screening criteria have been specified in this Annex, the solution complies with the do no significant harm technical screening criteria for that activity. _____________ ( 141 ) Future scenarios include Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change representative concentration pathways RCP2.6, RCP4.5, RCP6.0 and RCP8.5. ( 142 ) Assessments Reports on Climate Change: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability, published periodically by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), the United Nations body for assessing the science related to climate change produces, https://www.ipcc.ch/reports/. ( 143 ) Such as Copernicus services managed by the European Commission. ( 144 ) Nature-based solutions are defined as ‘solutions that are inspired and supported by nature, which are cost-effective, simultan­ eously provide environmental, social and economic benefits and help build resilience. Such solutions bring more, and more diverse, nature and natural features and processes into cities, landscapes and seascapes, through locally adapted, resource-efficient and systemic interventions’. Therefore, nature-based solutions benefit biodiversity and support the delivery of a range of ecosystem services (version of 4.6.2021: https://ec.europa.eu/info/research-and-innovation/research-area/environment/nature- based-solutions_en/). ( 145 ) See Communication from the Commission to the European Parliament, the Council, the European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions: Green Infrastructure (GI) — Enhancing Europe’s Natural Capital (COM/2013/0249 final). Do no significant harm (‘DNSH’) (1) Climate change mitigation The activity manufactures one of the following: (a) iron and steel where GHG emissions ( 146 ), reduced by the amount of emissions assigned to the production of waste gases in accordance with point 10.1.5(a) of Annex VII to Regulation (EU) 2019/331 do not exceed the following values applied to the different manufacturing process steps: (i) hot metal =1,443 ( 147 ) tCO 2 e/t product; (ii) sintered ore = 0,242 ( 148 ) tCO 2 e/t product; (iii) coke (excluding lignite coke) = 0,237 ( 149 ) tCO 2 e/t product; (iv) iron casting = 0,390 ( 150 ) tCO 2 e/t product; (v) electric arc furnace (EAF) high alloy steel = 0,360 ( 151 ) tCO 2 e/t product; (vi) electric arc furnace (EAF) carbon steel = 0,276 ( 152 )] tCO 2 e/t product. (b) steel in electric arc furnaces (EAFs) producing EAF carbon steel or EAF high alloy steel as defined in Commission Delegated Regulation (EU) 2019/331 and where the steel scrap input relative to product output is: (i) at least 70 % for the production of high alloy steel (ii) at least 90 % for production of carbon steel. (3) Sustainable use and protection of water and marine resources The activity complies with the criteria set out in Appendix B to this Annex. (4) Transition to a circular economy N/A _____________ ( 146 ) Calculated in accordance with Regulation (EU) 2019/331. ( 147 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 148 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 149 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 150 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 151 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. ( 152 ) Reflecting the median value of the installations in 2016 and 2017 (t CO 2 equivalents/t) of the data collected in the context of establishing the Commission Implementing Regulation (EU) 2021/447, determined on the basis of verified information on the greenhouse gas efficiency of installations reported pursuant to Article 11 of Directive 2003/87/EC. (5) Pollution prevention and control The activity complies with the criteria set out in Appendix C to this Annex. Emissions are within or lower than the emission levels associated with the best available techniques (BAT-AEL) ranges set out in the latest relevant best available techniques (BAT) conclusions, including the best available techniques (BAT) conclusions for iron and steel production ( 153 ). No significant cross-media effects occur. (6) Protection and restoration of biodiversity and ecosystems The activity complies with the criteria set out in Appendix D to this Annex.